tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-88154630323133972282024-03-19T01:24:43.464-07:00All Mom got out of the conference: a t-shirt and a deeper understanding of language and cognition.Unknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger18125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8815463032313397228.post-68614645206871031772020-03-19T10:33:00.002-07:002020-03-19T12:40:56.469-07:00Log - Covid<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Larry David on patient-doctor<br />
vs doctor-patient confidentiality<br />
<a href="https://youtu.be/YH55dFlF_Rg?t=168">https://youtu.be/YH55dFlF_Rg?t=168</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://i.ytimg.com/an_webp/YH55dFlF_Rg/mqdefault_6s.webp?du=3000&sqp=CNCkzvMF&rs=AOn4CLDleUgpxdhobWQD79E9SEHl5mOiYA" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Responses to my queries</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">2020-03-19</span> </span></div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Peak here will be in 4 to 6 weeks, per current models (ppa)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Social distancing and count 14 days from last medical visit (ppa)</span></li>
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telehealth platforms</div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8815463032313397228.post-1893881010857108252019-01-05T23:31:00.002-08:002019-01-05T23:42:18.927-08:00The phonology of ASL's initialized name signs (1980 UCSD under Dr. Klima)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8815463032313397228.post-31496813982367151742018-06-11T22:18:00.004-07:002018-06-11T23:07:18.214-07:00Brig. Gen. Felix L. Sparks (ret.) at Day of Remembrance for the Victims of the Holocaust, r1<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
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mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 94%;">On April 12, 1994, I attended <a href="https://www.pendleton.marines.mil/" target="_blank">CampPendleton</a>'s observance of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Days_of_Remembrance_of_the_Victims_of_the_Holocaust" target="_blank">Days of Remembrance of the Victims of the Holocaust</a>,
held at the Officer's Club by the Marine Corps Base' s Chaplain' s Office for
Marines, retired veterans, and members of the general community. </span><br />
<a name='more'></a><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 94%;">The Commanding Officer welcomed
us, telling us that since 1984, the US Military has organized these days of memorialization on US Ships and installations to help us take seriously theatrocity of the Holocaust. He read General Eisenhower' s letter describing what
he saw in the Concentration Camps. This letter states that General Patton
refrained from entering a room for fear of getting sick. Eisenhower states that
he made this visit to prevent charges of propaganda. The CO, Lt. Col. D. G.
Croom, USMC then concluded with the thought—provoking <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_they_came_..." target="_blank">quote</a> of the Reverend Martin
Nieom</span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 94%;">öller's which has been posted before on<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usenet" target="_blank"> S.C.J.</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 10.9pt; margin-left: .7pt; margin-right: 1.45pt; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 30.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 94%;">After the
US flag and Marine Corps flag were saluted and serenaded, we got a chance to
hear from a couple who were liberated from Dachau Concentration Camp and subsequently
married, Fred and Anne Gilbert. They thanked the <a href="http://www.wiesenthal.com/site/pp.asp?c=lsKWLbPJLnF&b=6212365" target="_blank">Wiesenthal Center</a> in Los
Angeles for enabling them to join us in San Diego. Mr. and Mrs. Gilbert met the
day they were liberated when Mr. Gilbert was looking for survivors from Warsaw
who might know what became of his family. Turning to Brig. Gen. Felix L. Sparks
(ret.), he concluded his recounting with "Sir. I thank you very much for
saving our lives. You sacrificed your life to save some of ours. " Mr.
Sparks led the Infantrymen who liberated Fred and Anne Gilbert and the other
32,000 survivors of the Dachau concentration camp. </span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 94%;"> </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 94%;">It was then that Mr. Sparks turned
to address us. Although he was happy</span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 94%;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 94%;"> to have come from Denver for the warmer
climes of San Diego, he soon became serious as he described why he has spoken
in many states on his role in liberating the Dachau Concentration Camp of
Dachau. </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 94%;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 94%;">In 1972 the Governor of Colorado instituted a state Holocaust
memorialization and invited Mr. Sparks to speak for a few minutes on his part
in the liberation of Dachau in 1945 at a meeting where there were some camp
survivors . Mr . Sparks was "quite astounded to receive a number of
obscene and derogatory phone calls" after that. A quick look at his <i>vita</i>
shows us that Mr. Sparks is accustomed to being believed: he was a District
Attorney for the 7th Judicial District of Colorado and a Justice of the
Colorado Supreme Court .</span> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 19.85pt; margin-left: .7pt; margin-right: 1.45pt; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 94%;">He told us that he became angry that a group of
people in the US would say the Holocaust was a hoax. He resolved to speak on
the subject. Repeating that the reaction of disbelief was beyond his
comprehension, he drew out a leaflet entitled "<a href="http://www.nizkor.org/qar-complete.cgi" target="_blank">66 Questions on theHolocaust</a>" published in nearby Costa Mesa, CA., and described how the
yearly Denver commemoration is picketed by such groups . He interrupted
himself to say "As long as I am alive, I will speak out on this."</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 10.9pt; margin-left: .7pt; margin-right: 1.45pt; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 94%;">With that he asked the existential question of the
day, "Why did the Holocaust happen? " He gave a brief sketch of the
pressing, pre—War economic situations in the US and Germany, and the history
of the rise to power of Hitler' s private army, funded by German industrialists
. He related that Dachau started out in 1933 as a German camp, to incarcerate
German citizens who spoke out against Hitler .</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 10.9pt; margin-left: .7pt; margin-right: 1.45pt; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 94%;">Mr. Sparks led a battalion of infantrymen with the
mission of subduing the German province of Bavaria. He described their
success in clearing resistance from Nuremburg. On March 20, 1945, around
midnight, he received a radio transmission from his commander: Tomorrow the
concentration camp at Dachau will be in your zone of attack. This camp has
[serious political nature . (I can' t read my writing——MG)] Take and seize all
records you find.</span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 93%;"> </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 93%;">Since he
was not ordered to take the camp, nor had he any idea of what a concentration
camp was, he did not pursue the matter at that time. The next day he was able
to clear the German resistance in the small town of Dachau after an hour of
fighting. He received an urgent message: You are directed to seize the
concentration camp at Dachau. After seizure you are to seal that and let no one
in or out.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8.25pt; margin-left: .7pt; margin-right: 1.45pt; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 94%;">That was a strong message for a military leader as
it meant splitting his battalion . Since the resistance had stopped, he was
more confident in doing this than he might otherwise have been .</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.45pt; margin-left: .7pt; margin-right: 1.45pt; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 94%;">He proceeded with his company and told them that
he did not know what kind of resistance they would find. As they approached the
camp, they first encountered a string of railway cars. There were 39. They
were on a spur line. Disengaged, the cars were along the entrance to the
camp.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 140.75pt; margin-left: .7pt; margin-right: 4.85pt; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 94%;">As he approached, he could see some bodies along
the entrance to the camp. Two of them were in striped uniforms . Two had
bashed—in skulls with brain material extruding . They inspected all 39 cars and
there was no sign of life, only dead bodies .</span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 94%;"> </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 94%;">At that point they were 200 men
and Mr. Sparks gave the order to go inside. He ordered the troops to scale the
wall (in case they met resistance at the front gate.) It looked (again) like
an ordinary military post. Officers' homes, well landscaped and I went to one
of the houses and I found signs of a very hasty evacuation——children's' story—
books left out.</span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 93%;"> </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 93%;">Mr. Sparks heard small arms fire, and took a small crew with
him to explore further. With his bodyguard and interpreter, he began to
encounter a few prisoners.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In one
of the buildings, a prisoner in a striped uniform came out in pretty good
shape, who could speak German. The forces were rounding up quite a number of
Germans .</span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 94%;"> </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 94%;">His men came to the crematoria and stretched in
piles and piles were nude bodies weighing approximately 80 pounds each: Some of
the troops got out of hand. Some were crying; some were cursing, and they
killed a number of the German guards——36 to be exact. And we took 200 prisoners.</span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 93%;"> </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 93%;">Next they came to a large, barbed wire area. Mr. Sparks
described the guard towers, each of which had a machine gun and five soldier.
As he had been unprepared for the nature of a concentration camp, so too was he
unprepared for the reaction of his US infantrymen: his men killed all five of
the guards in the first tower. The men from the next tower were taken prisoner.
The rest of the guards in the other towers fled.</span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 94%;"> </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 94%;">A few
minutes later thousands of the 32,000 inmates who could still walk emerged.
They gathered in Roll Call Square, which Mr. Sparks reported was about half the
size of the large Dining Hall where he was speaking [These numbers don't make sense --mkg]. They later told Mr. Sparks
that they had been hiding as they had been told they would be killed before the
US Army was to arrive.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 94%;">After they emerged, they started
yelling and screaming. And then bodies were being tossed
up in the air. Mr Sparks turned to his interpreter, Carl, an American, to get
an explanation for what was going on: "Colonel, " he said. "They
are killing the informers." These were the KAPOS, who were German prisoners
given life-or-death control over the barracks. Since Mr. Sparks had asked his
men not to enter the camp (for fear that they would contract tyhpus), he had no
forces to help stop the quick revenge.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 94%;">After 20 minutes, things quieted down. Mr. Sparks
asked to speak to their leaders and ten men stepped forward. He told them that
they would need to remain there as this was a combat zone; he assured them that
medical help would arrive . (Nevertheless, since they had arrived, death came
to someone new every ten to fifteen minutes.)</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 94%;">Mr. Sparks related that he and a
General had a conflict over the area and that an
investigation was later conducted by the 7th Army. He did not say what caused
the conflict .</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 94%;">What really impressed me in his description was
that it was not the death around them that sickened the US Forces, but the
depravity that was behind the smell of death everywhere around them. There
were some nine thousand bodies, which the citizens of Dachau were ordered to
come out and help dispose of. The liberating army tried to identify as many as
possible by tatoo number, but the most dignified burial they could provide was
still a mass grave .</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 94%;">Mr. Sparks went back to his original question:
There is no explanation.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 94%;">He described the documentary pictures that the
Dachau administration had taken and kept . He also showed us some of the
pictures the US Army took on liberation day: At Dachau there is a museum and
the pictures are there [for all to see.] He had some words of mourning for the
gypsies who were exterminated and have no one to speak for them: they have no
country—they were not given the chance to go into a work camp.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 94%;">Mr. Sparks reported that five hundred women were
freed and that two hundred of those freed were naturalized Americans, caught
in Germany while visiting. He said that during the war US troops often wondered
if they were helping, but that at Dachau he felt that he did accomplish
something, in that he helped to free its 32, 000 inmates so that they might
resume what was left of their shattered lives. He mentioned that two of the
prisoners--one a camp doctor--were executed at the Nuremburg war trials .</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 94%;">Captain Ivan B . Burnett, CHC, USN, the Group
Chaplain led us in prayer, asking the Lord to help us carry on the struggle
against evil through education, without losing hope or being consumed by
hatred. I went over to thank Lt. Joel Newman, CHC, USNR, for organizing and
publicizing the talk.</span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8815463032313397228.post-88817762349154140732013-12-08T20:48:00.001-08:002014-03-09T17:31:45.982-07:00causation * association * correlation * statistics as a bridge from subjectivity to objectivity<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihhqkcx1ECzrNlJdTgNmB_-QYqnkCLgoIUywgw4-C0FqbJmZTXo2kdSwl7-dhdqDY1qhJQsc2GTfmDU6hnzw2X472nCD6TyMbemgRuF1vJE_jZF6qfVjwwOmofOrdkijWL7LeAB0y-ssMu/s1600/correlation+cartoon+with+source+web-site.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihhqkcx1ECzrNlJdTgNmB_-QYqnkCLgoIUywgw4-C0FqbJmZTXo2kdSwl7-dhdqDY1qhJQsc2GTfmDU6hnzw2X472nCD6TyMbemgRuF1vJE_jZF6qfVjwwOmofOrdkijWL7LeAB0y-ssMu/s320/correlation+cartoon+with+source+web-site.jpg" height="191" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
I placed that cartoon at the end of my talk on measuring success in teaching consonant discrimination to English Language Learners who have different phonemic boundaries from other English language learners. I wanted to temper any desire I might have to scream "causation" when all I really had was correlation. I think it worked, but now I don't feel comfortable with knowing when anything is causative. Type II error in life?</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8815463032313397228.post-88400824707720394532013-06-13T19:17:00.001-07:002013-06-14T10:43:00.573-07:00Why is Jerry Coleman's "You can hang a star on that one!" missing from Wikipedia's baseball lexicon?Where does <a href="https://www.google.com/#output=search&sclient=psy-ab&q=%22star+on+the+wall%22+%22Jerry+Coleman%22+site:wikipedia.org&oq" target="_blank">Broadcast Hall of Famer Coleman's expression</a> fit in below? Come back soon, so you can play ball with the Coleman Interpretation test!<br />
<br />
Here is a snapshot from 14 June-2013 (02:04 GMT) for the idiomatic English expressions related to baseball via a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball">Wikipedia entry</a>, not including <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseball_metaphors_for_sex" target="_blank">those few related to sex</a>:<br />
<ul style="background-color: #f9f9f9; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px;">
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px;">
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><br /></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#ballpark" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">ballpark</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#batting_1000" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">batting 1000</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#beanball_or_throw_a_beanball" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">beanball or throw a beanball</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#big_league.28s.29" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">big league(s)</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#brand_new_ballgame" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">1.5</span> <span class="toctext">brand new ballgame</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#brush_back" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">1.6</span> <span class="toctext">brush back</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#bush-league" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">1.7</span> <span class="toctext">bush-league</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">MORE of the alphabet <a name='more'></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#C" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">C</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px;">
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#can_of_corn" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">can of corn</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#Charley_horse" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Charley horse</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#cleanup_hitter" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">cleanup hitter</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#closer" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">closer</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#cover_one.27s_bases" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">cover one's bases</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#curve.2C_curveball" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">2.6</span> <span class="toctext">curve, curveball</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#D" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">D</span></a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px;">
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#double_header" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">double header</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#down_to_the_last_out" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">down to the last out</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#ducks_on_a_pond" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">ducks on a pond</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#E" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">E</span></a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px;">
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#extra_innings" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">extra innings</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#F" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">F</span></a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px;">
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#first_base" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">first base</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#first_inning_or_early_innings" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">first inning or early innings</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#foot_in_the_bucket" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">foot in the bucket</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#G" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">G</span></a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px;">
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#grand_slam" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">grand slam</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#grandstanding" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">grandstanding</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#ground_ball" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">6.3</span> <span class="toctext">ground ball</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#H" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">H</span></a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px;">
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#hardball.2C_play_hardball" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">hardball, play hardball</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#heavy_hitter" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">heavy hitter</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#hit_it_out_of_the_park" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">7.3</span> <span class="toctext">hit it out of the park</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#hit_or_miss" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">7.4</span> <span class="toctext">hit or miss</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-35" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#hit_singles" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">7.5</span> <span class="toctext">hit singles</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-36" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#home_run" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">7.6</span> <span class="toctext">home run</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-37" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#I" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">I</span></a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px;">
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#inside_baseball" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">inside baseball</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#.22It_ain.27t_over_till_it.27s_over.21.22" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">8.2</span> <span class="toctext">"It ain't over till it's over!"</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-40" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#.22It.27s_like_d.C3.A9j.C3.A0_vu_all_over_again.21.22" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">8.3</span> <span class="toctext">"It's like déjà vu all over again!"</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-41" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#K" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">K</span></a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px;">
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-42" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#knock_it_out_of_the_park" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">9.1</span> <span class="toctext">knock it out of the park</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-43" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#knock_the_cover_off_the_ball" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">9.2</span> <span class="toctext">knock the cover off the ball</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-44" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#L" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">L</span></a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px;">
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-45" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#late_innings" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">10.1</span> <span class="toctext">late innings</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-46" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#leadoff_hitter" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">10.2</span> <span class="toctext">leadoff hitter</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-47" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#left_field" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">10.3</span> <span class="toctext">left field</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-48" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#M" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">M</span></a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px;">
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-49" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#major_league" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">11.1</span> <span class="toctext">major league</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-50" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#Mendoza_line" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">11.2</span> <span class="toctext">Mendoza line</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-51" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#N" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">N</span></a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px;">
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-52" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#ninth_inning" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">12.1</span> <span class="toctext">ninth inning</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-53" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#O" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">O</span></a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px;">
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-54" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#o-fer" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">13.1</span> <span class="toctext">o-fer</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-55" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#off_base" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">13.2</span> <span class="toctext">off base</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-56" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#on_deck" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">13.3</span> <span class="toctext">on deck</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-57" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#one_base_at_a_time" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">13.4</span> <span class="toctext">one base at a time</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-58" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#out_of_left_field" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">13.5</span> <span class="toctext">out of left field</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-59" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#P" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">14</span> <span class="toctext">P</span></a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px;">
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-60" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#pinch_hit" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">14.1</span> <span class="toctext">pinch hit</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-61" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#pitch_a_shutout" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">14.2</span> <span class="toctext">pitch a shutout</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-62" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#play_ball" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">14.3</span> <span class="toctext">play ball</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-63" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#play_softball" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">14.4</span> <span class="toctext">play softball</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-64" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#R" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">15</span> <span class="toctext">R</span></a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px;">
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-65" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#rain-check_.28rain-cheque.29" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">15.1</span> <span class="toctext">rain-check (rain-cheque)</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-66" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#rally_cap" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">15.2</span> <span class="toctext">rally cap</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-67" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#relief_pitcher" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">15.3</span> <span class="toctext">relief pitcher</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-68" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#rhubarb" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">15.4</span> <span class="toctext">rhubarb</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-69" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#right_off_the_bat" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">15.5</span> <span class="toctext">right off the bat</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-70" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#S" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">16</span> <span class="toctext">S</span></a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px;">
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-71" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#.22Say_it_ain.27t_so.2C_Joe.21.22" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">16.1</span> <span class="toctext">"Say it ain't so, Joe!"</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-72" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#screwball" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">16.2</span> <span class="toctext">screwball</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-73" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#shutout" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">16.3</span> <span class="toctext">shutout</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-74" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#singles_or_hit_singles" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">16.4</span> <span class="toctext">singles or hit singles</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-75" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#small_ball" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">16.5</span> <span class="toctext">small ball</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-76" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#softball" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">16.6</span> <span class="toctext">softball</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-77" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#step_up_to_the_plate" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">16.7</span> <span class="toctext">step up to the plate</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-78" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#strike" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">16.8</span> <span class="toctext">strike</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-79" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#strike_out_swinging" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">16.9</span> <span class="toctext">strike out swinging</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-80" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#strike_out_looking" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">16.10</span> <span class="toctext">strike out looking</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-81" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#swing_and_miss" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">16.11</span> <span class="toctext">swing and miss</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-82" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#swing_for_the_fences" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">16.12</span> <span class="toctext">swing for the fences</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-83" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#switch-hitter" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">16.13</span> <span class="toctext">switch-hitter</span></a></li>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-84" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#T" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">17</span> <span class="toctext">T</span></a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px;">
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-85" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#take_cuts_at_someone" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">17.1</span> <span class="toctext">take cuts at someone</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-86" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#three_strikes_law" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">17.2</span> <span class="toctext">three strikes law</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-87" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#took_the_collar" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">17.3</span> <span class="toctext">took the collar</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-88" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#touch_base" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">17.4</span> <span class="toctext">touch base</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-89" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#triple_play" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">17.5</span> <span class="toctext">triple play</span></a></li>
</ul>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-90" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#W" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">18</span> <span class="toctext">W</span></a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px;">
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-91" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#wheelhouse" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">18.1</span> <span class="toctext">wheelhouse</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-92" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#whiff" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">18.2</span> <span class="toctext">whiff</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-93" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball#whole_new_ball_game" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">18.3</span> <span class="toctext">whole new ball game</span></a></li>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8815463032313397228.post-4498827364716116902012-09-07T10:02:00.002-07:002012-09-07T10:13:28.185-07:00دوريتس דוריטוס Doritos transliterated in a kosher way?Because it is a foreign word, the person who transliterated "Doritos" into Hebrew used the samech /s/ instead of the sin /s/, so that there is no question that the last sound is an /s/, and not a shin /sh/. The Arabic transliterator used the sin /s/, and leaves it to the reader to be familiar enough with the word to know that it is not "Doritosh." Neither transliteration captures the American pronunciation of the assumed plural marker at the end of the word: [z], not [s] for "s." Photo of (used) wrapper follows.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHGMpaIAPkEfzJhhrRhCAZWVBPHefcNut_XM5bv3mCBVPJ3C6KW5YXWsYOTNC7H-DVtbuBGzsZwjYcQNfhS4bR4ufdHN-Hrbm6yDNoe0dJT9arv21eTPRcnyhynhdUK8ZCMRMNBroRGzew/s1600/Doritos+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHGMpaIAPkEfzJhhrRhCAZWVBPHefcNut_XM5bv3mCBVPJ3C6KW5YXWsYOTNC7H-DVtbuBGzsZwjYcQNfhS4bR4ufdHN-Hrbm6yDNoe0dJT9arv21eTPRcnyhynhdUK8ZCMRMNBroRGzew/s320/Doritos+2.jpg" width="211" /></a></div>
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You'll need to enlarge it in viewer to see the spellings lined up. Find them in the first word of the respective ingredients columns on the left-hand side of the Doritos wrapper. You can also find the kosher certification 2/3 of the way down. Standard English pronunciation ends the word in a [z] rather than the spelled "s"; Spanish uses a devoiced /z/ that sounds s-like. Apparently, both Arabic and Hebrew use the /s/, and I am lost as to whether that is a plural marker at all. Yum's the word!<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitqffqIMEwhCqdvKUEsqJdQAyp0pkUluEYKi_yXx0taCYuGDEYggAEMi0h3T7F8zsJa4RIKrOJAr1o6oX46zAP9jK15L0Wj6r5u5-0SHEP_YLpSsGzAR0Trg5qltZPk9bkhTC1-p00Xpfk/s1600/Doritos+wrapper+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitqffqIMEwhCqdvKUEsqJdQAyp0pkUluEYKi_yXx0taCYuGDEYggAEMi0h3T7F8zsJa4RIKrOJAr1o6oX46zAP9jK15L0Wj6r5u5-0SHEP_YLpSsGzAR0Trg5qltZPk9bkhTC1-p00Xpfk/s320/Doritos+wrapper+1.jpg" width="212" /></a></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8815463032313397228.post-28290390101920134672012-06-03T06:55:00.009-07:002012-08-26T12:43:26.050-07:00Does /r/ exist when we say [r] does?<em>What do you mean, "Czech does not have /r/"?</em><br />
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This is my all-time favorite question at a conference. It was posed at an LSA (Linguistic Society of America) meeting<br />
<a name='more'></a>in LA in 1979. The question shows the juncture of phonetics, phonology, culture, and inquiry. In order to appreciate the irony, you have to imagine a consternated colleague posing this question in her native Czech accent. If a native speaker says she has an /r/, then who is a speaker of another language to question that unless he wishes to create his own <span style="color: #cc6600; font-size: 130%;">/r/*</span> definition?<br />
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But, of course, the previous presenter had said, "Czech does not have the [r] sound." If you understand the distinction between phonetics and phonemics, then you will be able to see how correctly transcribing these contentious queries resolves the apparent disagreement. It will also help you if you have a grasp of how the definite article in English works.<br />
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Some links to [r] production in English:<br />
<a href="http://www.soundsofenglish.org/pronunciation/rl.html">http://www.soundsofenglish.org/pronunciation/rl.html</a><br />
<a href="http://www.speechpathology.com/ask-the-experts/orthodontia-and-r-production-1561">http://www.speechpathology.com/ask-the-experts/orthodontia-and-r-production-1561</a>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8815463032313397228.post-23694303411716696602012-02-04T16:35:00.001-08:002012-08-26T12:41:33.869-07:00I attended Robin Barr's "Call 'Em As You 'Ear 'Em" Workshop<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicwleoypEwEvQyXQRfBejW4WX0fcntjjq3dSQIQxRNpxltxOiHgE2QZ5sT5oRXx3QV_kPje9jdd9UL4bC8cSRZ_iZG1-iYIZXaLr5zoAibsxBjFoMbiZJRNU9euYWYEiOuuLZ1BO8LCjJq/s1600/colorvowelchart+50512_272036820304_767720_n.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5749801892856716178" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicwleoypEwEvQyXQRfBejW4WX0fcntjjq3dSQIQxRNpxltxOiHgE2QZ5sT5oRXx3QV_kPje9jdd9UL4bC8cSRZ_iZG1-iYIZXaLr5zoAibsxBjFoMbiZJRNU9euYWYEiOuuLZ1BO8LCjJq/s320/colorvowelchart+50512_272036820304_767720_n.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; float: left; height: 147px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; width: 200px;" /></a>15 VOWELS OF ENGLISH (color-coded)<br />
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<a href="http://colorvowelchart.org/">http://colorvowelchart.org/</a> graphic, as presented at Robin Barr's Jan 2012 American University TESOL <a href="http://147.9.1.61/cas/tesol/calendar/index.cfm?id=3402288">workshop</a> "designed to train your ears and hone transcription skills to improve pronunciation teaching. "</div>
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Each vowel has a color key to cue you, eg "Blue Spoon" for [u] "oo."<br />
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Robin mentioned that the original chart had one fewer color, but the New Yorkers won. So, the chart has the "open o" for "auburn dog." I'd like to add "orange" in there between "olive" and "auburn." It's a common enough adjective, but I vary my vowel, depending on my<br />
[ɔ]udience, I mean [a]udience. You know what I mean, [dʒu]?<br />
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According to <a href="http://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~krussll/phonetics/transcription/english-symbols/open-o.html">this</a> at the Univ of Manitoba, the Canadian dialect also lacks a distinction between <strong>Don</strong> and <strong>Dawn</strong>. Robin showed her expertise in historical linguistics when she gave the names of IPA transcription symbols. Here are some vowels:<br />
Capital [U] is upsilon. Use a loopy U so easy to read<br />
/æ/ is called <strong>ash</strong>, from the old English sounds for <strong>trees</strong><br />
<strong>upside-down V</strong> is <strong>turned-V</strong> or <strong>caret<br />barred-i<br />turned-c</strong> or <strong>open-o</strong><br />
Three schwas of Am. English: (hi) barred-i, true schwa, caret (low)<br />
two schwas: about and judge <em>depends on stress</em><br />
sofa : inhale to feel cold air rushing in for point of artic for place of artic height<br />
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I hadn't realized until I spoke with Robin at the break, that there are two versions of the IPA. In fact, I found a table of various transcription systems - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pronunciation_respelling_for_English">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pronunciation_respelling_for_English</a><br />
Am I the only one who finds it ironic that an international standard like the IPA has two versions?</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8815463032313397228.post-60962521287814497192012-01-23T18:32:00.000-08:002012-08-26T12:51:14.783-07:00Samples of my writing<a name='more'></a>The essay for my Statement of Purpose for 2012 graduate applications: <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1zObpPrwH23iaPTSyhJstctokbpVvRz90lHKPyUjq2Zc/edit">draft1</a><br />
The <em>c.v.</em> I wrote for applying to positions as a computational linguist: <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1XCLU7K5kMks7oop563PvdS_yuvdrIUWHxiDfZlFrC98/edit">2012</a>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8815463032313397228.post-20457707787276255412011-11-04T07:47:00.000-07:002012-08-26T12:56:23.231-07:00What does snowboarding have to do with grammar?A "grammar" is a set of rules that speakers implicitly agree to use so they can understand each other. Linguists distinguish between descriptive and prescriptive grammars. Most languages have a written form and a spoken form. <br />
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A grammar does not have to describe sound or text: visual language also has a grammar and even a phonology! These hand-icons are used to establish hand-shape for an ASL word, "<a href="http://www.lifeprint.com/asl101/pages-signs/s/snowboarding.htm">snow-boarding</a>."<br />
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A UCLA course hand-out surveys if you use "speaking too slowly" or "speaking too slow" and gives <a href="http://www.linguistics.ucla.edu/people/schuh/lx001/Discussion/d10.html#question1">more examples</a> that contrast the two grammars you keep in your head for English.<br />
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Computer-based human communication welds elements from both grammars to provide casual sounding, but informative text. Perhaps, a third grammatical category is in order for telegraphic text. <em>Language Educator</em> has an <a href="http://hablals.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/Texting-in-español.pdf">Oct 2009 article in English</a> on how to form abbreviations for texting in Spanish.Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8815463032313397228.post-42219198323743328412011-06-15T19:24:00.001-07:002012-08-26T13:09:55.604-07:00Style guidelines from the IEEE: Eight years ago the program ran in 8 minutes.<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span">The IEEE tells you when to write out numbers and when to use digits in it</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-weight: bold; line-height: 17px;"> <a href="http://www.computer.org/portal/web/publications/style_nums">IEEE Computer Society Style Guide</a>.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 17px;"><u><span style="color: #0066cc;">m</span></u><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_noun">ass nouns</a></span><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 17px;">: sand, fish, water, sheep, aircraft, furniture :: <em><strong>Aircraft</strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">are vehicles.</span></em></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-weight: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft"><em><b><span style="color: #2200c1; font-style: normal;">Aircraft</span></b></em><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: #2200c1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span></span><span style="color: #2200c1;">- Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</span></a></span></h3>
</i></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 17px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-style: italic; line-height: 15px;"><em><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Aircraft</b></em><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">are vehicles...</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 17px;"> <div>
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But, don't forget that you can pluralize mass nouns when you are categorizing the type of something: "salmon, flounder, cod--many are the fishes of the sea."</div>
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<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8815463032313397228.post-73839273963331691242011-05-18T06:58:00.001-07:002011-05-24T10:50:08.469-07:00Riding the DC Metro system in 11 languages<a href="http://www.wmata.com/getting_around/images/pocketGuide.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="float:right; margin:0 0 10px 10px;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 187px; height: 228px;" src="http://www.wmata.com/getting_around/images/pocketGuide.jpg" border="0" alt="" /></a><div><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal; ">T</span>hanks to</span><span style="line-height: 115%; "><a href="http://www.mcael.org/"><span style="line-height: 115%; color: blue; "> MCAEL</span></a></span><span style="line-height: 115%; "> for this link!</span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="line-height: 115%; "></span></span>T<span>he Metro Pocket Guide comes in :</span></span></div> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt; margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;page-break-after:avoid"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="color: blue; "><a href="http://www.wmata.com/pdfs/pocket_guides/arabic.pdf" style="font-size: medium; ">Arabic</a><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></span><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; "><span class="hps" title="">دليل</span> <span class="hps" title="">الجيب</span> <span class="hps" title="">لل</span><span title="" class="">مترو</span></span><br /></span><a href="http://www.wmata.com/pdfs/pocket_guides/chinese.pdf" style="font-size: medium; "><span style="color: blue; ">Chinese</span></a><span style="font-size: medium; "><span><br /></span></span><a href="http://www.wmata.com/pdfs/pocket_guides/english.pdf" style="font-size: medium; "><span style="color: blue; ">English</span></a><span style="font-size: medium; "><span><br /></span></span><span style="font-size: medium; color: blue; "><a href="http://www.wmata.com/pdfs/pocket_guides/french.pdf">French</a> </span><span>Guide de poche Metro</span><span style="font-size: medium; "><span><br /></span></span><a href="http://www.wmata.com/pdfs/pocket_guides/german.pdf" style="font-size: medium; "><span style="color: blue; ">German</span></a><span style="font-size: medium; "><span><br /></span></span><a href="http://www.wmata.com/pdfs/pocket_guides/italian.pdf" style="font-size: medium; "><span style="color: blue; ">Italian</span></a><span style="font-size: medium; "><span><br /></span></span><a href="http://www.wmata.com/pdfs/pocket_guides/japanese.pdf" style="font-size: medium; "><span style="color: blue; ">Japanese</span></a><span style="font-size: medium; "><span><br /></span></span><a href="http://www.wmata.com/pdfs/pocket_guides/korean.pdf" style="font-size: medium; "><span style="color: blue; ">Korean</span></a><span style="font-size: medium; "><span><br /></span></span><a href="https://mail.google.com/pdfs/pocket_guides/portuguese.pdf" style="font-size: medium; "><span style="color: blue; ">Portuguese</span></a><span style="font-size: medium; "><span><br /></span></span><span style="font-size: medium; "><span><a href="http://www.wmata.com/pdfs/pocket_guides/spanish.pdf" style="color: blue; ">Spanish</a> </span></span></span><span class="hps" style="font-size: medium; "><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); ">Guía portátil</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space" style="font-size: medium; "><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); "> <span title="Click for alternate translations"></span></span></span><span class="hps" style="font-size: medium; "><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); ">de</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space" style="font-size: medium; "><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); "> <span title="Click for alternate translations"></span></span></span><span class="hps" style="font-size: medium; "><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); ">metro</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt; margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;page-break-after:avoid"><span class="hps" style="font-size: medium; "><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); "><a href="http://www.wmata.com/pdfs/pocket_guides/Vietnamese.pdf">Vietnamese</a> Hướng Dẫn Đi Metro</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt; margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;page-break-after:avoid"><span class="Apple-style-span"><a href="http://www.wmata.com/getting_around/visitor_info/visitorkit.cfm"><b><span style="color: blue; "></span></b><b> </b><span class="Apple-style-span">http://www.wmata.com/getting_around/visitor_info/visitorkit.cfm</span></a></span></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8815463032313397228.post-89268515256896779872010-12-14T08:39:00.000-08:002011-05-24T11:16:44.923-07:00From California with love and nine languagesCatering to the state's diverse culture, <a href="http://www.dmv.ca.gov/pubs/hdbk/driver_handbook_toc.htm?lang=en">the California Driver Handbook</a> is available in <div><a href="http://www.dmv.ca.gov/pubs/pubs.htm">nine languages</a>:<br />English, <a href="http://www.dmv.ca.gov/pubs/foreign_hdbk/dl600A.pdf">Armenian</a>, Spanish, Chinese, <a href="http://www.dmv.ca.gov/pubs/foreign_hdbk/dl600K.pdf">Korean</a>, Vietnamese, Tagalog, <a href="http://www.dmv.ca.gov/pubs/foreign_hdbk/dl600R.pdf">Russian</a>, Punjabi<br /><br /><div>Language editions available in other<a href="http://dmvanswers.com/questions/246/Can-I-download-a-copy-of-my-states-DMV-guide"> states</a> include Japanese. (This link does not have complete information for each state.)</div><div><br /></div><div>References: </div><div><a href="http://www.dmv.ca.gov/pubs/foreign_hdbk/dl600A.pdf">http://www.dmv.ca.gov/pubs/foreign_hdbk/dl600A.pdf</a> Armenian</div></div><div><a href="http://www.dmv.ca.gov/pubs/foreign_hdbk/dl600K.pdf">http://www.dmv.ca.gov/pubs/foreign_hdbk/dl600K.pdf</a> Korean</div><div><a href="http://www.dmv.ca.gov/pubs/foreign_hdbk/dl600R.pdf">http://www.dmv.ca.gov/pubs/foreign_hdbk/dl600R.pdf</a> Russian</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8815463032313397228.post-77702270977270511542010-07-06T13:33:00.000-07:002018-03-10T18:02:58.172-08:00UCLA's Languages of Los Angeles Project mapping 56 language groups<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "georgia";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "georgia";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"></span></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "georgia";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "georgia";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "georgia";"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20110606134855/http://www.humnet.ucla.edu/languagesofla/lolalangs.htm" target="_blank">Fifty-six language groups</a> , of which Armenian is the third most spoken.</span></b></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "georgia";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">
Maps </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: medium;"><i><span style="font-size: 85%;">Linguistic maps created and maintained by Derrick Auyoung on the base of ethnic maps in: "The Ethnic Quilt. Population Density in Southern California" by James P.Allen and Eugen Turner. Northridge: California State University, 1997</span></i></span><br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "georgia";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">E</span></span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "georgia";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">astern Indo-European, Semitic, Near Eastern Altaic languages = </span></span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "georgia";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20101227073943/http://www.humnet.ucla.edu/flr/media/LAmap/lamapNEASIA.htm" target="_blank">Armenian, Farsi, Arabic, Hebrew, Turkish</a> (<a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20090712163518/http://www.international.ucla.edu/languages/projects/lamap/" target="_blank">including</a> Orange County)</span></span></b></div>
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<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "georgia";"><a href="http://www.international.ucla.edu/languages/projects/lamap/lamaphispanic.asp">Latin American Spanish</a> </span></b></div>
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<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "georgia";"><a href="http://www.humnet.ucla.edu/flr/media/LAmap/LAmap.htm">More</a> linguistic pockets also mapped <a href="http://www.international.ucla.edu/languages/projects/lamap/">here</a>.</span></b></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8815463032313397228.post-83306046586101686202010-06-22T21:43:00.000-07:002011-05-24T10:05:22.843-07:00Which languages are most commonly spoken in the US other than English and Spanish?<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtp8cDi1ugjL9BqFy7JAeTPdwqTGFNkOLjzs6G9_uxXQ9JGUr1PS7gWlOmkJpG_BIbZqCu-sg3HEEtD6ZqKVXDxA5XRkZcY9BVMWD7jNYOa6g4oCsE6qDxTdnIJfvx_UYxqpvpr5iHHUg/s320/us_10_langs_at_home.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 262px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 320px; CURSOR: hand" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtp8cDi1ugjL9BqFy7JAeTPdwqTGFNkOLjzs6G9_uxXQ9JGUr1PS7gWlOmkJpG_BIbZqCu-sg3HEEtD6ZqKVXDxA5XRkZcY9BVMWD7jNYOa6g4oCsE6qDxTdnIJfvx_UYxqpvpr5iHHUg/s320/us_10_langs_at_home.jpg" /></a><br /><div>Read more at the US Census 2000 <a href="http://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/censusatlas/pdf/8_Language.pdf">chapter 8 on language</a>.</div><div>Chart published in <a href="http://www.vistawide.com/languages/us_languages2.htm">vistawide.com</a></div><div><br /></div><div>Click on the chart to see the full display.</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8815463032313397228.post-88768286006671094132010-05-03T07:11:00.000-07:002012-08-26T13:17:09.482-07:0022 Million games of skat and counting: bluffing is computationally complexVisit the Skat Learning Platform <a href="http://skatgame.net/iss/">http://skatgame.net/iss/</a> for free practice and to help create even stronger programs <a name='more'></a>for <a href="http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~mburo/">Professor Michael Buro</a>'s <a href="http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&rlz=1T4SKPB_enUS353US353&q=improving+state+evaluation%2C+inference%2C+and+Search+buro&aq=f&aqi=&aql=&oq=&gs_rfai=">research</a> on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_theory#Perfect_information_and_imperfect_information">Perfecting the Imperfect game</a>.<br />
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<a href="http://skatgame.net/wiki/HomePage">skat wiki</a><br />
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I had the time to attend <a href="http://www.google.com/search?sourceid=navclient&ie=UTF-8&rlz=1T4SKPB_enUS353US353&q=nrl+ai+seminars">a local seminar on Artificial Intelligence</a>. I left with an appreciation of the challenge of having a computer play against an opponent who bluffs. Is the chess problem really solved<a href="http://www.google.com/search?sourceid=navclient&ie=UTF-8&rlz=1T4SKPB_enUS353US353&q=computer+chess+problem+solved+site%3a.edu">?</a>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8815463032313397228.post-3066410007521727192009-09-11T15:16:00.000-07:002011-05-18T07:27:31.597-07:00MK Gross can help you reduce spamHere is an example of ASCII encoded email. When you do view/source you will not see my email address, and neither will most spambots.<br /><br /><a href="mailto:gross015@cougars.csusm.edu?subject=Saw your language and cognition blog" title="">Email MK Gross</a><br /><br />Thanks for the <a href="http://digitalcolony.com/lab/maskemail/maskemailascii.aspx">generator code</a> from <a href="http://digitalcolony.com/2007/02/masking-your-email-address.aspx">Digital Colony's </a>Michael Allen Smith.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8815463032313397228.post-51505426814482314912008-10-08T16:14:00.000-07:002012-08-26T14:47:36.784-07:00Information Systems Security Association (ISSA) San Diego linksI couldn't find anyone who recalled the 1988 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morris_worm">Morris Worm</a> , which was the first Internet "virus"! Neither did anyone mention the US Federal Government's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-CERT">Computer Emergency Readiness Team (CERT)</a> , <br />
<a name='more'></a>which has its own <a href="http://www.us-cert.gov/">reporting pages</a>, although RCB told me that his volunteers cooperate with their people. No one mentioned the US Feds' <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIAC">Computer Incident Advisory Capability (CIAC)</a> . Check out that web-page to read about international tracking efforts.<br />
<br />
At ISSA Ryan Barnett from <a href="http://www.webappsec.org/">http://www.webappsec.org/</a> spoke about grass-roots efforts.<br />
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.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com